1998 Iowa Turfgrass Research Report


1998 Iowa Turfgrass Research Report

The Effect of Deicing Chemicals on Turfgrass: Page 3

David D. Minner and Barbara R. Bingaman

Table 4. Visual turf quality1 data for turf treated with deicer products for the 1996and 1997 Brine Deicer Studies.

 

 

 

1996

 

1997

 

Deicer product

Total
g·m-2

Spring

Summer

Mean

 

Spring

Summer

Mean

1

Untreated Control

NA

7.7

7.0

7.3

 

7.7

7.3

7.5

2

30% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 70% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

610

8.3

6.0

7.2

 

7.3

5.0

6.2

3

30% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 70% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

1220

5.0

4.3

4.7

 

6.0

5.3

5.7

4

30% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 70% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

2440

2.0

2.0

2.0

 

4.7

5.3

5.0

5

50% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 50% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

610

9.0

8.3

8.7

 

6.3

4.7

5.5

6

50% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 50% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

1220

1.3

3.3

2.3

 

4.3

5.0

4.7

7

50% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 50% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

2440

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

3.0

1.7

2.3

8

Potassium chloride (KCl)

610

7.0

4.7

5.8

 

7.7

7.0

7.3

9

Potassium chloride (KCl)

1220

3.7

3.3

3.5

 

7.3

5.0

6.2

10

Potassium chloride (KCl)

2440

2.0

2.0

2.0

 

6.3

4.7

5.5

11

Urea [CO(NH2)2]

610

1.3

2.3

1.8

 

5.0

4.7

4.8

12

Urea [CO(NH2)2]

1220

1.0

1.7

1.3

 

1.3

1.3

1.3

13

Urea [CO(NH2)2]

2440

1.0

1.0

1.0

 

1.0

1.0

1.0

14

Rock salt (NaCl2)

610

5.7

5.7

5.7

 

7.7

7.3

7.5

15

Rock salt (NaCl2)

1220

2.7

2.0

2.3

 

4.7

5.7

5.2

16

Rock salt (NaCl2)

2440

1.3

1.7

1.5

 

3.0

1.3

2.2

17

Safe Step [50% (NaCl2) + 50% Potassium chloride (KCl)]

610

7.3

6.0

6.7

 

7.7

7.7

7.7

18

Safe Step [50% (NaCl2) + 50% Potassium chloride (KCl)]

1220

6.0

4.7

5.3

 

8.0

8.0

8.0

19

Safe Step [50% (NaCl2) + 50% Potassium chloride (KCl)]

2440

2.0

2.0

2.0

 

5.7

4.3

5.0

20

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (47% a.i.)

1322

6.3

4.3

5.3

 

7.3

8.0

7.7

21

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (47% a.i.)

2611

2.3

2.0

2.2

 

5.3

4.7

5.0

22

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (47% a.i.)

5188

2.0

2.0

2.0

 

1.7

2.3

2.0

23

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) pellets

610

7.3

5.3

6.3

 

7.3

6.3

6.8

24

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) pellets

1220

3.7

2.7

3.2

 

7.7

6.0

6.8

25

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) pellets

2440

 2.0

 2.0

2.0

 

5.0

4.7

4.8

 

LSD0.05

 

1.6

2.2

1.7

 

2.5

2.2

2.2

1Visual quality was assessed using a 9 to 1 scale: 9 = best, 6 = lowest acceptable, and 1 = worst quality.

 

 

Table 5. Electroconductivity for soil samples from field plots treated with deicer products for the 1997 Brine Deicer Study.

 

 

 

 

Electroconductivity
[mmho/cm]

 

Deicer product

Rate
oz/yd

Total
applied oz/yd

Spring

Fall

1

Untreated Control

NA

NA

0.97

0.88

2

30% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 70% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

2

18

2.91

0.99

3

30% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 70% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

4

36

4.50

0.95

4

30% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 70% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

8

72

2.15

1.06

5

50% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 50% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

2

18

2.45

0.95

6

50% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 50% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

4

36

4.00

0.97

7

50% Urea [CO(NH2)2] + 50% Calcium chloride (CaCl2)

8

72

5.27

1.44

8

61% Magnesium chloride [MgCl2] (47% a.i.) + 39% Urea [CO(NH2)2]

2

18

2.33

0.95

9

61% Magnesium chloride [MgCl2] (47% a.i.) + 39% Urea [CO(NH2)2]

4

36

3.08

0.98

10

61% Magnesium chloride [MgCl2] (47% a.i.) + 39% Urea [CO(NH2)2]

8

72

3.23

0.85

11

Potassium chloride (KCl)

2

18

1.43

1.11

12

Potassium chloride (KCl)

4

36

1.85

1.07

13

Potassium chloride (KCl)

8

72

1.88

1.28

14

Urea [CO(NH2)2]

2

18

3.10

0.83

15

Urea [CO(NH2)2]

4

36

2.60

1.51

16

Urea [CO(NH2)2]

8

72

3.50

5.32

17

Rock salt (NaCl2)

2

18

1.88

0.88

18

Rock salt (NaCl2)

4

36

4.20

1.19

19

Rock salt (NaCl2)

8

72

6.75

1.58

20

Safe Step [50% (NaCl2) + 50% Potassium chloride (KCl)]

2

18

2.16

0.89

21

Safe Step [50% (NaCl2) + 50% Potassium chloride (KCl)]

4

36

3.68

1.03

22

Safe Step [50% (NaCl2) + 50% Potassium chloride (KCl)]

8

72

3.80

1.12

23

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (47% a.i.)

4

39

1.47

0.88

24

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (47% a.i.)

9

77

3.13

0.97

25

Magnesium chloride (MgCl2) (47% a.i.)

17

153

2.87

0.96

26

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) pellets

2

18

1.67

0.75

27

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) pellets

4

36

1.58

0.86

28

Calcium chloride (CaCl2) pellets

8

72

1.55

0.86

29

42% Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)+58% Calicum chloride (CaCl2)

2

18

1.70

0.72

30

42% Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)+58% Calicum chloride (CaCl2)

4

36

2.58

0.89

31

42% Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)+58% Calicum chloride (CaCl2)

8

72

3.03

0.84

32

54% Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] + 46% Calicum chloride (CaCl2)

2

18

2.47

0.82

33

54% Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] + 46% Calicum chloride (CaCl2)

4

36

3.13

1.04

34

54% Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] + 46% Calicum chloride (CaCl2)

8

72

4.97

1.62

35

75% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 25% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

2

18

0.99

0.63

36

75% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 25% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

4

36

2.76

0.68

37

75% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 25% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

8

72

1.43

0.71

38

67% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 33% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

2

18

1.10

0.65

39

67% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 33% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

4

36

1.10

0.66

40

67% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 33% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

8

72

1.18

0.69

41

50% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 50% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

2

18

1.06

0.55

42

50% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 50% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

4

36

1.11

0.55

43

50% Rock Salt (NaCl2) + 50% Calicum chloride (CaCl2) flakes

8

72

1.15

0.59

 

LSD0.05

 

 

1.70

0.76

 

 

 

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Iowa State University ISU Horticulture:Publications:1998 Turfgrass Report College of Agriculture